Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

15.5K
A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
15.5K
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

5.2K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
5.2K
Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

32.7K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
32.7K
Point and Frameshift Mutations01:30

Point and Frameshift Mutations

56
Point mutations are genetic alterations involving the change of a single nucleotide base pair in DNA. Depending on how the alteration affects protein synthesis, they can lead to various consequences.Point mutations fall into the following types:Silent mutations occur when a nucleotide change does not alter the amino acid sequence due to the redundancy of the genetic code. For instance, changing ACC to ACA still encodes threonine, leaving the protein function unaffected. This occurs because...
56
Mutations in Microorganisms01:18

Mutations in Microorganisms

50
Mutations are heritable changes in an organism’s genome involving alterations in the base sequence of DNA or RNA. These changes can influence cellular processes and phenotypic traits, potentially transforming the unaltered wild type into a mutant form. Such changes, termed forward mutations, are pivotal in shaping the genetic diversity of organisms.RNA viruses exhibit the highest mutation rates due to the absence of robust proofreading mechanisms during genome replication. In contrast,...
50
Structural Protein Function01:56

Structural Protein Function

2.8K
2.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Aptamer-based biosensing strategies for influenza virus detection: a systematic and critical review of electrochemical and optical platforms.

Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences·2026
Same author

Revolutionizing Stem Cell Sorting with Machine Learning: A Review of Trends, Tools, and Future Directions.

Iranian journal of medical sciences·2026
Same author

Recent advances in oncolytic virotherapy: insights from clinical trials and combination treatment strategies.

Virology journal·2026
Same author

Preliminary screening reveals HPV-derived cDNA in the HNCF-PI 52 cell line originally derived from normal cervical tissue.

Journal of virological methods·2026
Same author

COVID-19 disruptions and spring surges: an interrupted time-series analysis of tuberculosis diagnostic challenges in Northeast Iran.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Double-Duty Drugs: Repositioning Antipsychotics to Combat Bacterial Infections.

CNS neuroscience & therapeutics·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 17, 2025

Probing RNA Structure with Dimethyl Sulfate Mutational Profiling with Sequencing In Vitro and in Cells
10:34

Probing RNA Structure with Dimethyl Sulfate Mutational Profiling with Sequencing In Vitro and in Cells

Published on: December 9, 2022

4.4K

Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins: a global analysis.

Mohammad Abavisani1,2, Karim Rahimian3, Bahar Mahdavi4

  • 1Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Virology Journal
|December 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Investigating mutations in SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins globally revealed key variants like D614G in the spike protein. Understanding these mutations aids in developing effective vaccines and drugs against COVID-19.

Keywords:
COVID-19Evolutionary analysisGenome-wide mutationsMutationsSARS-CoV-2

More Related Videos

Engineering Antiviral Agents via Surface Plasmon Resonance
13:00

Engineering Antiviral Agents via Surface Plasmon Resonance

Published on: June 14, 2022

2.4K
Production of a SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like-Particle System to Investigate Viral Life Cycles In Vitro
09:26

Production of a SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like-Particle System to Investigate Viral Life Cycles In Vitro

Published on: June 6, 2025

559

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 17, 2025

Probing RNA Structure with Dimethyl Sulfate Mutational Profiling with Sequencing In Vitro and in Cells
10:34

Probing RNA Structure with Dimethyl Sulfate Mutational Profiling with Sequencing In Vitro and in Cells

Published on: December 9, 2022

4.4K
Engineering Antiviral Agents via Surface Plasmon Resonance
13:00

Engineering Antiviral Agents via Surface Plasmon Resonance

Published on: June 14, 2022

2.4K
Production of a SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like-Particle System to Investigate Viral Life Cycles In Vitro
09:26

Production of a SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like-Particle System to Investigate Viral Life Cycles In Vitro

Published on: June 6, 2025

559

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) is driven by mutations in key structural proteins.
  • Understanding these mutations is crucial for global public health strategies against COVID-19.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate global mutations in the structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2.
  • To identify the frequency and location of mutations in envelope (E), membrane (M), nucleocapsid (N), and spike (S) proteins.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of amino acid sequences (AASs) for E, M, N, and S proteins from pandemic declaration to January 2022.
  • Alignment of sequences to a reference to identify and categorize mutations by frequency and continent.
  • Identification of interactions between viral structural genes and related human genes.

Main Results:

  • Most relative mutations in E, M, N, and S AASs were found in specific amino acid regions.
  • The most frequent mutations identified were T9I (E), I82T (M), R203M/R203K (N), and D614G (S).
  • D614G was the most prevalent mutation globally across all regions; other frequent spike mutations included L18F, A222V, E484K, and N501Y.

Conclusions:

  • Global screening of SARS-CoV-2 structural protein mutations provides insights into viral evolution.
  • Findings can inform and enhance strategies for developing improved antiviral drugs and vaccines.