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Published on: June 10, 2025
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COVID-19, Heart Failure Hospitalizations, and Outcomes: A Nationwide Analysis
Ameesh Isath1, Aaqib Malik1, Dhrubajyoti Bandyopadhyay1
1Department of Cardiology, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY.
Current Problems in Cardiology
|December 18, 2022
Summary
Patients with Heart Failure (HF) hospitalized with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) face significantly higher in-hospital mortality and adverse events. COVID-19 independently predicts mortality in HF patients, with age and kidney disease worsening outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Heart Failure (HF) patients have increased vulnerability to adverse outcomes from Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
- Limited large-scale population data exists on the impact of COVID-19 on hospitalized HF patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between COVID-19 and in-hospital outcomes for patients admitted with Heart Failure.
- To identify predictors of mortality in Heart Failure patients co-infected with COVID-19.
Main Methods:
- Utilized the National Inpatient Sample database for US hospitalizations in 2020.
- Included HF admissions with and without COVID-19 diagnosis (ICD-10-CM U07).
- Employed propensity score matching and multivariate logistic regression for analysis.
Main Results:
- Identified 1,110,085 HF hospitalizations, with 7,905 (0.71%) having COVID-19.
- Propensity-matched HF patients with COVID-19 showed higher in-hospital mortality (8.2% vs 3.7%), cardiac arrest (2.9% vs 1.1%), and pulmonary embolism (1.0% vs 0.4%).
- COVID-19 was an independent predictor of mortality; increasing age, arrhythmias, and chronic kidney disease predicted mortality in COVID-19+HF patients.
Conclusions:
- COVID-19 significantly increases in-hospital mortality, hospital stay duration, and costs for patients admitted with HF.
- COVID-19 poses a substantial risk for adverse outcomes in the Heart Failure population.
- Age, arrhythmias, and chronic kidney disease are critical factors influencing mortality in HF patients with COVID-19.
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