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Cardiovascular Alterations and Structural Changes in the Setting of Chronic Kidney Disease: a Review of Cardiorenal

Andrei Minciunescu1, Leonard Genovese1, Christopher deFilippi1

  • 1Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, 3300 Gallows Rd, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA.

SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine
|December 19, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Cardiorenal syndrome type 4, involving chronic kidney disease impacting the heart, has high morbidity and mortality. This review details its epidemiology, cardiac effects, and potential treatments to slow disease progression.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular and Renal Medicine
  • Nephrology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Cardiovascular and renal physiology are intricately linked.
  • The cardiorenal syndrome encompasses five subtypes, highlighting this relationship.
  • High morbidity and mortality rates are associated with cardiorenal syndrome compared to the general population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology of cardiorenal syndrome type 4 (CRS 4).
  • To examine the impact of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on cardiac structure and function.
  • To discuss clinical symptoms, outcomes, and potential therapeutic strategies for CRS 4.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article.
  • Literature search on cardiorenal syndrome, focusing on type 4.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data, cellular and physiological cardiac changes, and treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Chronic kidney disease significantly impacts cardiac structure and function, with profound cellular and physiological changes.
  • Cardiorenal syndrome type 4 presents with specific clinical symptoms and poor outcomes.
  • Current treatment focuses on managing comorbidities to slow disease progression.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiorenal syndrome type 4 represents a significant clinical challenge due to the detrimental effects of CKD on the heart.
  • Integrated management of comorbidities is crucial for improving outcomes.
  • Further research into targeted therapies may slow progression and reduce mortality in CRS 4 patients.

Keywords:
Arterial stiffnessCardiorenal syndromeChronic renal insufficiencyFibrosisLeft ventricular hypertrophy

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