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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
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Cellular senescence enhances adaptive anticancer immunosurveillance.

Ines Marin1, Manuel Serrano1,2, Federico Pietrocola3

  • 1Aging and Metabolism Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain.

Oncoimmunology
|December 19, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Senescent cancer cells, induced by therapy, show strong antigenicity and adjuvanticity. These cells can be used as vaccination agents to elicit potent CD8+ T cell-dependent anticancer effects, enhancing cancer immunosurveillance.

Keywords:
Agingimmunopeptidomeinflammationinterferonvaccination

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Cancer therapy can induce cellular senescence.
  • Senescent cells possess unique biological properties.
  • Senescent cells may interact with the immune system to enhance cancer immunosurveillance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of senescent cancer cells in cancer immunotherapy.
  • To evaluate the immunogenicity and adjuvanticity of senescent cancer cells.
  • To determine if senescent cancer cells can elicit anti-tumor immune responses.

Main Methods:

  • Induction of senescence in cancer cells.
  • Assessment of antigenicity and adjuvanticity of senescent cells.
  • Evaluation of CD8+ T cell responses in vivo and in vitro.
  • Testing senescent cancer cells as vaccination agents.

Main Results:

  • Senescent cancer cells demonstrated potent antigenicity and adjuvanticity.
  • Vaccination with senescent cancer cells elicited strong CD8+ T cell-dependent anticancer effects.
  • Senescent cells promoted the clearance of both senescent and non-senescent tumor cells.

Conclusions:

  • Senescent cancer cells can be effectively utilized as vaccination agents.
  • Senescent cancer cells enhance adaptive anti-tumor immunity via CD8+ T cells.
  • Targeting senescence holds promise for novel cancer immunotherapy strategies.