Comparative imaging findings among different primary betacoronaviruses

Area of Science:

• Virology
• Radiology
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• Coronaviruses (CoVs) are zoonotic single-stranded RNA viruses posing significant global health risks.
• Three human betacoronaviruses (b-CoVs) – SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 – have caused major outbreaks.
• Understanding their distinct clinical and imaging profiles is crucial for diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize common imaging findings of three b-CoVs.
• To outline common clinical manifestations associated with these infections.
• To enhance understanding of disease progression and aid in differentiating between b-CoV types.

Main Methods:

• A literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar.
• Searched terms included specific CoV names (SARS-CoV, COVID-19, MERS-CoV) and imaging/clinical keywords.
• 77 articles were selected for analysis of imaging and clinical data.

Main Results:

• Consistent imaging findings across b-CoVs include ground-glass opacities (GGO), consolidation, and interlobular septal thickening.
• Pleural effusion was common but least frequent in SARS-CoV-2.
• Bilateral lung involvement was noted in MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2; cardiovascular, neurological, gastrointestinal, and hematological symptoms were prevalent.

Conclusions:

• Comparing imaging findings can help differentiate between the three b-CoVs.
• Knowledge of imaging and clinical presentations is vital for understanding disease course.
• This information is essential for preparing for potential future coronavirus variants.