C3 Targeted Complement Therapy for Chronic Periodontitis - A Scoping Review

Chronic Periodontitis (CP) is a complex disease initiated by inflammation caused by dysbiotic bacterial communities in the subgingival environment. The Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone pathogen at low colonization, causes immune subversion of complement component C5aR, leading to complement C3-dependent destructive inflammation responsible for the inflammatory bone loss in CP. Animal studies have shown that targeting complement C3 with its inhibitor like AMY-101 may help reduce inflammatory bone loss in CP. This scoping review elaborates on the role of complement C3 targeted therapy for CP.

About 66 original studies were obtained during an initial electronic search in Medline (Pubmed), Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. About four articles were included in the review after screening the duplicates and reading the full text. Their aims and objectives, drug dosage, route of administration, results, and conclusions were recorded.

Of the four-original research, 3 were animal studies and one randomized Phase IIa clinical trial. They showed that C3 targeted complement therapy reduced the inflammatory and clinical periodontal parameters in CP.

C3 targeted complement therapy may be regarded as a valuable adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment for CP. However, the results are still under investigation and require further verification through clinical trials.