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Metabolic associated liver disease.

Gianni Testino1, Rinaldo Pellicano2

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Patients with liver disease often have multiple causes, including metabolic syndrome (MS) and alcohol consumption (AC). Simplifying terminology to metabolic associated liver disease (MALD) can improve care and prevention strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Addiction Medicine

Background:

  • Liver disease frequently co-occurs with metabolic syndrome (MS) and alcohol consumption (AC), often underestimated.
  • Current diagnostic criteria for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may not adequately account for combined etiological factors.
  • Alcohol consumption (AC) is a contributing factor to MS, and both conditions share overlapping histopathological features in liver disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the underestimation of combined etiological factors in liver disease.
  • To advocate for revised diagnostic approaches and terminology for liver conditions.
  • To emphasize the impact of AC and MS on hepatic and extra-hepatic morbidity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on liver disease, metabolic syndrome, and alcohol consumption.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria and histopathological overlaps.
  • Conceptual framework for a unified terminology.

Main Results:

  • The copresence of MS and AC in liver disease patients is often underestimated.
  • Existing diagnostic thresholds for AC in NAFLD may require reduction.
  • A unified terminology like metabolic associated liver disease (MALD) can simplify clinical practice.

Conclusions:

  • Simplifying terminology to MALD can enhance clinical usability and interdisciplinary communication.
  • A unitary approach facilitates early identification of hepatic and extra-hepatic pathology.
  • Streamlined care pathways, reduced hospitalizations, and unified prevention policies are potential benefits of MALD adoption.