Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Biofilms01:29

Biofilms

185
Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms encased in a self-produced extracellular polysaccharide matrix attached to surfaces. These microbial consortia can include single or multiple species, providing enhanced survival benefits by forming organized, multilayered structures.The formation of biofilms occurs through four key stages: attachment, colonization, development, and dispersal.During attachment, free-swimming planktonic cells adhere to a surface, often facilitated by...
185
Global Regulatory Systems01:28

Global Regulatory Systems

59
Global regulatory systems in bacteria enable rapid and coordinated responses to environmental changes by integrating sensory inputs with gene expression, ensuring efficient adaptation to fluctuating conditions. Key global regulatory mechanisms include regulons, two-component systems, sigma factors, and secondary messengers.Regulons and Global RegulatorsA regulon is a collection of genes and operons controlled by a common global regulator. These regulators enable bacteria to prioritize resource...
59
Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

67
Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
67
Gene Regulation During Sporulation01:17

Gene Regulation During Sporulation

62
Sporulation is a complex developmental process that allows certain Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium species, to survive extreme environmental conditions. This process is tightly regulated by a series of signaling cascades and transcriptional controls, ensuring the formation of a highly resistant endospore.Sporulation is triggered by unfavorable conditions, such as nutrient depletion, and is governed by a phosphorelay system. One of the sensor kinases, such as...
62
Biosynthesis in Bacteria01:24

Biosynthesis in Bacteria

63
Biosynthesis in bacteria is a fundamental anabolic process that generates essential macromolecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and polysaccharides. These macromolecules are critical for cellular growth, replication, and function. The process is tightly regulated and energetically linked to catabolic pathways to ensure optimal resource utilization.Biosynthetic pathways begin with precursor metabolites such as pyruvate, acetyl-CoA, and glucose-6-phosphate derived from glycolysis,...
63
Bacterial Signaling01:30

Bacterial Signaling

33.5K
Bacterial signaling can occur within bacteria (intracellular) or between bacteria (intercellular). At times, a group of bacteria behaves like a community. To achieve this, they engage in quorum sensing, the perception of higher cell density that causes changes in gene expression. Quorum sensing involves both extracellular and intracellular signaling. The signaling cascade starts with a molecule called an autoinducer (AI). Individual bacteria produce AIs that move out of the bacterial cell...
33.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Recombinant Cytosolic Truncations of Histidine Kinases Retain Function for Targeted In Vitro Investigations.

Microorganisms·2026
Same author

Acidic pH Greatly Enhances Calbindin-D28K's Inhibitory Effect on Caspase-3: Implications for Alzheimer's Therapeutics.

Cell biochemistry and function·2025
Same author

PmrA Mutations in Drug-Resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Affect Sensor Kinase-Response Regulator Interaction and Phosphotransfer.

Microorganisms·2025
Same author

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 as a novel regulator of glucose utilization by adipocytes.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

A mutualistic model bacterium is lethal to non-symbiotic hosts via the type VI secretion system.

mBio·2025
Same author

Two-Component System Sensor Kinase Inhibitors Target the ATP-Lid of PmrB to Disrupt Colistin Resistance in <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>.

Biochemistry·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 16, 2025

Single-cell Analysis of Bacillus subtilis Biofilms Using Fluorescence Microscopy and Flow Cytometry
13:28

Single-cell Analysis of Bacillus subtilis Biofilms Using Fluorescence Microscopy and Flow Cytometry

Published on: February 15, 2012

20.6K

The Biofilm Regulatory Network from Bacillus subtilis: A Structure-Function Analysis.

Morgan E Milton1, John Cavanagh1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, NC 27834, USA.

Journal of Molecular Biology
|December 19, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This review details the regulatory proteins controlling Bacillus subtilis biofilm formation. Understanding these protein networks offers potential strategies to combat antibiotic resistance in bacterial biofilms.

Keywords:
Bacillus subtilisbiofilmsprotein structurestransition state regulation

More Related Videos

Methodologies for Studying B. subtilis Biofilms as a Model for Characterizing Small Molecule Biofilm Inhibitors
10:17

Methodologies for Studying B. subtilis Biofilms as a Model for Characterizing Small Molecule Biofilm Inhibitors

Published on: October 9, 2016

15.4K
A Semi-quantitative Approach to Assess Biofilm Formation Using Wrinkled Colony Development
11:17

A Semi-quantitative Approach to Assess Biofilm Formation Using Wrinkled Colony Development

Published on: June 7, 2012

23.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 16, 2025

Single-cell Analysis of Bacillus subtilis Biofilms Using Fluorescence Microscopy and Flow Cytometry
13:28

Single-cell Analysis of Bacillus subtilis Biofilms Using Fluorescence Microscopy and Flow Cytometry

Published on: February 15, 2012

20.6K
Methodologies for Studying B. subtilis Biofilms as a Model for Characterizing Small Molecule Biofilm Inhibitors
10:17

Methodologies for Studying B. subtilis Biofilms as a Model for Characterizing Small Molecule Biofilm Inhibitors

Published on: October 9, 2016

15.4K
A Semi-quantitative Approach to Assess Biofilm Formation Using Wrinkled Colony Development
11:17

A Semi-quantitative Approach to Assess Biofilm Formation Using Wrinkled Colony Development

Published on: June 7, 2012

23.5K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Bacterial biofilms provide significant protection against antibiotics.
  • Bacillus subtilis is a model organism for studying biofilm development.
  • Complex regulatory protein networks govern the transition from planktonic to biofilm states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize structural and biochemical studies of Bacillus subtilis biofilm regulatory proteins.
  • To elucidate the protein signaling network involved in biofilm formation.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets within the biofilm regulatory pathway.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of structural and biochemical studies.
  • Analysis of protein signaling networks.
  • Connecting molecular mechanisms to biofilm regulation.

Main Results:

  • Decades of research have elucidated a complex network of regulatory proteins (Spo0A, AbrB, AbbA, Abh, SinR, SinI, SlrR, RemA).
  • These proteins orchestrate the transition of Bacillus subtilis to a biofilm state.
  • Understanding protein structure-function relationships is key to targeting biofilm pathways.

Conclusions:

  • The intricate protein network regulating Bacillus subtilis biofilms is well-characterized.
  • Knowledge of these regulatory mechanisms presents opportunities for therapeutic interventions.
  • Targeting critical features of the biofilm regulatory pathway could overcome antibiotic resistance.