Sickle Cell Disease in Early Infancy: A Case Report.

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Genetics
• Pediatrics

Background:

• Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder affecting hemoglobin.
• Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) typically offers protection against severe SCD symptoms in early infancy.

Observation:

• This paper details an atypical case of SCD diagnosed at two months of age.
• The infant presented with severe symptoms necessitating hospitalization, contrary to expected HbF protection.

Findings:

• SCD can manifest with severe anemia in infants under six months old.
• Classic symptoms like dactylitis or pain crises may be absent in early-onset SCD.

Implications:

• Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for SCD in infants with severe anemia, regardless of age or classic symptoms.
• Expanding newborn screening programs for SCD is crucial for early intervention, prophylaxis, and better management in developing nations.