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Related Concept Videos

Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

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Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
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Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
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Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
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The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic01:25

The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic

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In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the...
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Ethical Dilemmas II01:30

Ethical Dilemmas II

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Resolving an ethical dilemma in healthcare involves a systematic approach that considers every aspect of the issue, respecting both the patient's needs and values and the healthcare professional's ethical obligations. Here are potential steps to resolve an ethical dilemma:
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Updated: Aug 16, 2025

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
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Deciding with Others: Interdependent Decision-Making.

Emily A Largent, Justin Clapp, Jennifer S Blumenthal-Barby

    The Hastings Center Report
    |December 20, 2022
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Patient health care decisions are often interdependent, involving nonclinicians like family. This interdependence spans all life stages, challenging traditional bioethical views of decision-making capacity and independence.

    Keywords:
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    Area of Science:

    • Bioethics
    • Health Care Decision-Making
    • Patient Autonomy

    Background:

    • Traditional bioethical models often assume medical decisions are either independent or dependent, closely linked to decision-making capacity.
    • This binary view overlooks the common reality of patient interdependence in health care choices.
    • Interdependence involves patients engaging nonclinicians (e.g., family, friends) in their health care decisions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a continuum of interdependence in health care decision-making.
    • To challenge the traditional dichotomy of independent versus dependent decision-making.
    • To explore the implications of interdependence across the human lifespan.

    Main Methods:

    • Conceptual analysis of health care decision-making models.
    • Literature review of bioethical assumptions regarding autonomy and capacity.
    • Development of a continuum framework to represent varying degrees of interdependence.

    Main Results:

    • Health care decision-making exists on a spectrum of interdependence, not a binary.
    • Interdependence is prevalent across all life stages, from childhood to older adulthood.
    • Recognizing this continuum offers a more nuanced understanding of patient engagement.

    Conclusions:

    • A continuum of interdependence provides a more accurate framework for understanding patient decision-making.
    • This perspective can empower patients and clarify ethical considerations during life transitions.
    • Future bioethical discussions should incorporate the concept of interdependence more broadly.