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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands01:21

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A sebaceous gland is a type of oil gland found almost all over the skin ( except palms and soles) and helps lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair. Most sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles. They generate and excrete sebum, a mixture of lipids, onto the skin surface, thereby naturally lubricating the dry and dead layer of keratinized cells of the stratum corneum, keeping it pliable.
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Reticular Dermis01:15

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The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
Reticular Layer
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Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell01:06

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A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
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In Vitro Model of Human Cutaneous Hypertrophic Scarring using Macromolecular Crowding
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Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars.

Gisele Viana de Oliveira1, Lara Rodrigues de Morais Gambogi Alvarenga2, Marcia Ramos-e-Silva3

  • 1Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars Ambulatory, Mario Penna Hospital, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Keloids and hypertrophic scars are abnormal wound-healing responses causing discomfort and impacting quality of life. This review covers established and novel treatments for these challenging skin conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Wound Healing
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Keloids and hypertrophic scars represent abnormal cutaneous responses to injury.
  • These lesions can cause significant physical symptoms (itching, pain) and psychological distress, affecting patients' quality of life.
  • While occurring in all races, they disproportionately affect individuals of African descent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of current and emerging treatment modalities for keloids and hypertrophic scars.
  • To synthesize outcomes from various therapeutic approaches.
  • To inform clinical practice and future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Extensive literature review of established treatments.
  • Inclusion of novel therapeutic interventions.
  • Analysis of reported outcomes for different treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • Established treatments include pressure garments, silicone sheeting, intralesional injections (corticosteroids, antineoplastics), and light-based therapies (lasers, IPL).
  • Emerging therapies such as botulinum toxin injections are also being explored.
  • Outcomes vary significantly across different treatments and patient populations.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of keloids and hypertrophic scars requires a multifaceted approach.
  • Further research is needed to optimize existing treatments and validate new therapies.
  • Addressing the physical and psychosocial impact of these scars is crucial for improving patient outcomes.