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Immunolabelling Myofiber Degeneration in Muscle Biopsies
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Inflammatory Myopathies.

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    This review details idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, covering clinical, serologic, and imaging findings. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myositis and SARS-CoV-2 impacts.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Rheumatology
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) classification has advanced with myositis-specific antibodies and histopathology.
    • Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-related myositis presents characteristic features for early recognition.
    • The COVID-19 pandemic has influenced IIM patient care, with proposed mechanisms for virus-related muscle injury.

    Approach:

    • Comprehensive evaluation including clinical, serologic, electrophysiologic, and imaging assessments.
    • Integration of myositis-specific antibodies and histopathologic findings for improved diagnostic accuracy.
    • Utilizing muscle biopsy and cancer screening when indicated for precise diagnosis.

    Key Points:

    • Salient clinical, serologic, electrophysiologic, imaging, and histopathologic findings are outlined.
    • Treatment options for IIMs, including ICI-related and SARS-CoV-2-associated myositis, are discussed.
    • Early and accurate diagnosis facilitates individualized treatment strategies.

    Conclusions:

    • Enhanced classification aids in understanding and managing IIMs.
    • Timely recognition and intervention are vital for ICI-related myositis.
    • Understanding virus-related muscle injury mechanisms is critical in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.