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Related Concept Videos

Additional Routes of Drug Administration01:18

Additional Routes of Drug Administration

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Choosing the appropriate route of drug administration is significantly influenced by two key factors: the therapeutic objectives and the inherent properties of the drug being used.
Administering drugs via inhalation allows for the direct delivery of gaseous, volatile substances or droplets to different parts of the respiratory tract. One of the advantages of the inhalation route is the rapid absorption of drugs into the circulatory system, which is possible because of the large surface area of...
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Breathing01:05

Breathing

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The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
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Inhaled Medications01:23

Inhaled Medications

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Inhaled medications are crucial for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. They are essential for effective treatment and control, ensuring optimal respiratory health and well-being. Inhaled medication delivers drugs directly to the lungs, providing a rapid onset of action and reducing systemic side effects compared to oral or injectable medications. Three primary types of inhalation devices are used to administer these medications: nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers...
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

433
Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
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Mechanical Ventilation II: Invasive Ventilation01:23

Mechanical Ventilation II: Invasive Ventilation

209
Ventilators are essential medical equipment used to aid patients with respiratory difficulties. Their primary function is to assist or replace spontaneous breathing by providing mechanical ventilation. There are two general classes of mechanical ventilators: negative-pressure and positive-pressure ventilators.
Negative-Pressure Ventilators
Negative-pressure ventilators create a vacuum around the chest or body to draw air into the lungs, simulating breathing. This method does not require an...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 16, 2025

A Minimally Invasive Method for Intratracheal Instillation of Drugs in Neonatal Rodents to Treat Lung Disease
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Less Invasive Surfactant Administration: A Viewpoint.

Srinivasan Mani1, Munmun Rawat2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio.

American Journal of Perinatology
|December 20, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Less invasive surfactant administration for preterm infants is crucial. Alternative methods show promise in reducing complications but require further research for widespread clinical adoption.

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Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device
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Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device
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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal respiratory care
  • Pulmonology
  • Pediatric medicine

Background:

  • Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm infants is typically managed with respiratory support and exogenous surfactant.
  • Endotracheal intubation for surfactant delivery, while standard, carries risks of procedural complications and mechanical ventilation morbidities.
  • The INSURE (intubation, surfactant administration, and extubation soon after) technique mitigates some risks but remains invasive.

Approach:

  • This review summarizes evidence on three alternative, less invasive surfactant delivery methods: laryngeal mask, thin intratracheal catheter, and aerosolized surfactant.
  • It compares these techniques against the INSURE method, analyzing data from over a dozen randomized controlled trials.
  • The review identifies advantages, limitations, and knowledge gaps for each alternative strategy.

Key Points:

  • A less invasive method for surfactant delivery in neonates is a significant clinical need.
  • Alternative surfactant administration techniques demonstrate promising results in reducing mortality, need for mechanical ventilation, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
  • Current evidence is inconclusive for broad clinical adoption, necessitating further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • While alternative surfactant delivery methods offer potential benefits over traditional intubation, definitive conclusions on the optimal technique are pending.
  • Further research with novel methodologies and focus on long-term outcomes is essential to guide clinical practice.
  • Identifying the most beneficial alternative strategy is critical before wider implementation in neonatal intensive care units.