Cowper's Syringocele: A Literature Review

Cowper's syringocele is a rare but underdiagnosed cystic dilatation of the main ducts of Cowper's gland. It is becoming more widely known in the adult population. Recent research proposes that syringoceles should be categorized according to the intraductal pressures causing ductal dilatation from mild to gross ultimately involving the gland itself. Although there may be some overlap in the clinical manifestations of different syringoceles, mildly dilated ducts are frequently asymptomatic. Moreover, moderate to gross duct dilatations can manifest as lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) or obstructive symptoms. A valid differential diagnosis is essential because these symptoms can be found in a wide range of severe illnesses. Syringocele can be diagnosed by ultrasonography in combination with voiding retrograde/antegrade cystourethrogram (VCUG), nevertheless, other procedures like cystourethroscopy, CT scan, and MRI scans can be helpful. Initially, conservative surveillance is advised, but if necessary, endoscopic marsupialization or surgical excision is the preferred treatment modality to address persistent problems.