Type A Aortic Dissection Presenting as Acute Coronary Syndrome in a Young Male Patient: A Case Report

Type A aortic dissection (AD) is a devastating cardiovascular emergency requiring emergent surgical intervention. Most patients with AD have several risk factors for the disease including longstanding hypertension, smoking history, atherosclerosis, and old age. Younger patients may also present with AD if a genetic disorder affecting the integrity of the aorta is present. This case presents an otherwise healthy 36-year-old male with no known significant family history who presented with an atypical presentation of aortic dissection. He described a five-day history of chest pressure made worse with exertion followed by progressive dyspnea which prompted him to seek medical attention. His initial laboratory workup revealed an elevated troponin I level which prompted a cardiology consultation in the emergency department. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed dilatation of the aortic root and aortic regurgitation. CT angiography of the chest was performed revealing a type A dissection beginning at the aortic root and terminating proximal to the right brachiocephalic artery. Involvement of the coronary arteries was suspected due to the elevated troponin I. He was taken to the operating room and underwent aortic grafting, right coronary artery bypass, and repair of the left main artery. Unfortunately, at the end of the operation, the patient went into refractory ventricular fibrillation, which progressed to asystole. He was unable to be revived.