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Related Concept Videos

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

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Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
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Overview of Protein Metabolism01:21

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Proteins are broken down into amino acids during digestion. Unlike fats and carbohydrates, which are stored for later use, proteins are not. Instead, amino acids are either used to produce ATP through oxidation or contribute to the creation of new proteins for the growth and repair of the body. Any surplus amino acids from the diet are converted into glucose or triglycerides rather than excreted.
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Lysosomes are the site for the degradation of macromolecules and biological polymers released during membrane trafficking events such as secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The membrane-enclosed area of the lysosome, called the lumen, contains hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment. These acid hydrolases are functional at a pH between 4.5 and 5 and are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling, energy metabolism, restoration of the plasma membrane,...
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IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document...
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Inborn Errors of Metabolism01:20

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Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a protein metabolism disorder characterized by high blood levels of the amino acid phenylalanine. This results from a mutation in the gene responsible for phenylalanine hydroxylase, an enzyme that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine. When this enzyme is deficient, phenylalanine builds up in the blood, leading to symptoms such as vomiting, rashes, seizures, growth deficiency, and severe mental retardation. An early diagnosis and a diet restricting phenylalanine intake...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 16, 2025

Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin
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A Rare Case of Rhabdomyolysis.

Francisco Pombo1, Ana Raposo2, Marta Dalila Martins1

  • 1Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar do Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, PRT.

Cureus
|December 21, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rhabdomyolysis, a condition causing muscle breakdown and weakness, can stem from rare immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies. This case highlights seronegative IMNM

Keywords:
corticosteroidsmyalgianecrotizing myositisoral methotrexateparesisrhabdomyolysis

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Rhabdomyolysis involves muscle breakdown, elevated creatine kinase, and potential kidney injury.
  • Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) is a rare inflammatory myopathy causing rhabdomyolysis.
  • IMNM subtypes include anti-HMGCR, anti-SRP, and seronegative forms with varying clinical features.

Observation:

  • A 67-year-old female presented with six weeks of thigh myalgia and weakness.
  • Laboratory results revealed significant rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury.
  • Diagnostic workup identified seronegative immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy.

Findings:

  • Seronegative IMNM was diagnosed in the patient.
  • Treatment involved corticosteroids and methotrexate.
  • The patient experienced marked clinical improvement following treatment.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of recognizing seronegative IMNM as a cause of rhabdomyolysis.
  • Early diagnosis and immunosuppressive therapy can lead to significant recovery.
  • Further research into IMNM subtypes and treatment strategies is warranted.