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Individual differences in action-state orientation moderate task difficulty effects on effort-related cardiac
Yann S Bouzidi1,2, Guido H E Gendolla1,2
1FPSE, Section of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Psychophysiology
|December 21, 2022
Summary
Individual differences in action-state orientation influence how people respond to challenging tasks. Action-oriented individuals show stronger cardiovascular responses to difficult tasks, while state-oriented individuals respond more to easy tasks.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Cardiovascular Physiology
Background:
- Action control theory posits that action-oriented individuals possess superior self-regulation in demanding situations compared to state-oriented individuals.
- Action-oriented individuals are expected to generate positive affect when facing obstacles, influencing their effort and response.
- Motivational intensity theory and research on affective influences on cardiovascular response suggest a link between orientation, affect, and physiological effort.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate whether action-state orientation moderates the effects of task difficulty on cardiovascular responses.
- To examine the relationship between individual differences in action-state orientation and resource mobilization during cognitive tasks.
- To test the hypothesis that action-orientation leads to stronger cardiovascular responses in difficult tasks, while state-orientation leads to stronger responses in easy tasks.
Main Methods:
- A quasi-experimental design involving 100 university students.
- Assessment of resource mobilization through cardiovascular response, specifically cardiac pre-ejection period (PEP) reactivity.
- Performance on a short-term memory task with varying difficulty levels.
Main Results:
- Cardiac pre-ejection period (PEP) reactivity during the short-term memory task supported the hypothesis.
- Action-orientation was associated with stronger cardiovascular effort-related responses during the difficult task.
- State-orientation was associated with stronger cardiovascular effort-related responses during the easy task.
Conclusions:
- The study provides the first evidence linking action-state orientation to effort-related cardiovascular responses.
- Individual differences in action-state orientation significantly moderate cardiovascular reactivity based on task difficulty.
- Findings contribute to understanding the interplay between psychological orientation, task demands, and physiological responses.
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