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Remote Medical Scent Detection of Cancer and Infectious Diseases With Dogs and Rats: A Systematic Review.

Pierre Bauër1,2, Michelle Leemans2, Etienne Audureau2

  • 1Institut Curie, Paris, France.

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|December 21, 2022
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Summary

Canine and rodent scent detection for diseases like cancer and infections shows potential but requires more rigorous research for clinical use. Current evidence quality is low, necessitating standardized methods for reliable, non-invasive disease diagnosis.

Keywords:
VOCs (=volatile organic compounds)cancerdiagnosticinfectious diseasemedical scent detectionodorscreeningsmell

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Biomedical Research
  • Diagnostic Technology

Background:

  • Research into remote medical scent detection using dogs and rats for cancer and infectious diseases has grown over the past two decades.
  • The potential clinical implementation of validated animal scent detection methods offers significant hope for novel diagnostic tools.

Approach:

  • A systematic review adhering to PRISMA standards was conducted, searching PubMed and Web of Science from 2000 to 2021.
  • Included were original articles on dogs or rats detecting human cancers and infectious diseases, excluding studies on other diseases or animals.
  • Data extraction focused on patient selection, sample types, animal training, testing configurations, and performance metrics.

Key Points:

  • A total of 62 studies were analyzed, revealing highly variable sensitivity and specificity rates.
  • Most studies exhibited a high risk of performance bias, and the overall quality of evidence was low.
  • Only a small fraction of studies (6) employed a double-blind screening approach.

Conclusions:

  • Current evidence and performance of animal scent detection are insufficient for clinical application.
  • Further research is crucial, emphasizing standardized patient selection, sample handling, and testing conditions.
  • Despite challenges, animals' exceptional odor detection capabilities present an opportunity for developing accessible, non-invasive disease detection methods.