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Updated: Aug 16, 2025

In Vivo Functional Study of Disease-associated Rare Human Variants Using Drosophila
Published on: August 20, 2019
A de novo hexokinase 1 (HK1) variant presenting as Boucher-Neuhäuser syndrome
Ryan H Peretz1, Wadih M Zein2, Robert B Hufnagel2
1Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Abstract:
Boucher-Neuhäuser syndrome (BNHS) is characterized by chorioretinal dystrophy, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and cerebellar dysfunction and atrophy. The disorder has been associated with biallelic pathogenic variants in the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 6 (PNPLA6) gene. We present an individual with a clinical diagnosis consistent with BNHS who lacked any PNPLA6 variants but on quartet family exome sequencing had a de novo variant in the hexokinase 1 (HK1) gene (NM_000188.2 [GRCh37/hg19]: g.71139826G>A, c.1240G>A, p.Gly414Arg), suggesting genetic heterogeneity for BNHS. Longitudinal follow-up indicated neurological deterioration, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and progressive cerebellar atrophy. The BNHS phenotype overlaps and expands the known HK1 genotypic and phenotypic spectrum. Individuals with variants in HK1 should undergo evaluation for hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, potentially amenable to treatment.
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