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New antibiotics for Gram-negative pneumonia

Matteo Bassetti1,2, Federica Magnè3, Daniele Roberto Giacobbe3,2

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genova, Genova, Italy matteo.bassetti@hsanmartino.it.

European Respiratory Review : an Official Journal of the European Respiratory Society
|December 21, 2022
PubMed

Insights

New antibiotics offer hope for treating Gram-negative pneumonia. These drugs show promise against multidrug-resistant bacteria like Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Gram-negative bacilli are a major cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia.
  • Increasing multidrug resistance in Gram-negative bacteria complicates treatment.
  • In vitro susceptibility testing is crucial for guiding antibiotic selection.

Approach:

  • This review summarizes newly approved antibiotics for Gram-negative pneumonia.
  • The review focuses on agents effective against resistant pathogens.
  • Antibiotic activity against specific resistant Gram-negative bacteria is discussed.

Key Points:

  • Ceftazidime-avibactam, imipenem-relebactam, and meropenem-vaborbactam are effective against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, including Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase producers.
  • Novel agents like ceftazidime-avibactam, ceftolozane-tazobactam, imipenem-relebactam, and cefiderocol show activity against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
  • Cefiderocol, plazomicin, and eravacycline are potential treatments for Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia.

Conclusions:

  • New antibiotic options are available for treating challenging Gram-negative bacterial pneumonias.
  • These agents provide crucial alternatives for infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli.
  • The development of novel antibiotics is vital in combating rising antimicrobial resistance.

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