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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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A Spheroid Killing Assay by CAR T Cells
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[CAR-T cells development in solid tumors].

Nathan El Ghazzi1, Antoine Italiano2, Jacques-Olivier Bay1

  • 1CHU Gabriel Montpied, service d'oncologie médicale, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.

Bulletin Du Cancer
|December 21, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapies show promise in blood cancers but face challenges in solid tumors. Researchers are developing new strategies to overcome resistance and improve CAR-T cell efficacy against solid tumors.

Keywords:
CAR-T cellsCellules CAR-TImmunotherapyImmunothérapieOncologie de précisionPrecision oncologySolid tumorsTumeurs solides

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunotherapy
  • Cellular Therapy

Context:

  • CAR-T cell therapy has revolutionized onco-hematology with successful marketing approvals.
  • Significant challenges hinder CAR-T efficacy in solid tumors, including tumor vascularization and immunosuppressive microenvironments.
  • T cell exhaustion and antigen loss are key resistance mechanisms limiting CAR-T cell effectiveness in solid tumors.

Purpose:

  • To explore strategies for overcoming CAR-T cell resistance mechanisms in solid tumors.
  • To review novel approaches aimed at enhancing CAR-T cell antitumor activity.
  • To summarize ongoing research and clinical trials investigating improved CAR-T cell therapies for solid malignancies.

Summary:

  • CAR-T cells demonstrate limited success in solid tumors due to biological hurdles like immunosuppression and T cell exhaustion.
  • Strategies such as arming CAR-T cells with bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs), immune checkpoint inhibitors, or interleukins are being investigated.
  • Combination therapies, including vaccine associations and localized CAR-T cell delivery, show potential for improved outcomes.

Impact:

  • These advancements aim to translate the success of CAR-T therapy from hematologic malignancies to solid tumors.
  • Ongoing Phase I studies are crucial for validating these novel strategies and improving patient responses.
  • The development of enhanced CAR-T cell therapies holds significant promise for treating previously intractable solid tumors.