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Evaluating the prognostic value of CD56 in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia
Tianqi Liang1, Zhiyong Peng2, Chunfu Li2
1Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
Insights
CD56 expression indicates a poor prognosis in specific pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. This marker should be integrated into risk stratification for better treatment strategies in childhood AML.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Pediatric Oncology
- Molecular Diagnostics
Background:
- Cytogenetic changes and gene mutations significantly impact acute myeloid leukemia (AML) survival.
- CD56 expression is linked to poor prognosis in adult AML patients.
- The prognostic significance of CD56 in pediatric AML remains under-investigated.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the prognostic value of CD56 expression in children diagnosed with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 145 pediatric de novo AML patients (excluding AML-M3) diagnosed between January 2015 and April 2021.
- Patients received standard chemotherapy treatments.
- Follow-up duration was a median of 35 months.
Main Results:
- No significant difference in 3-year overall survival between CD56-positive and CD56-negative pediatric AML patients.
- In high-risk pediatric AML patients, CD56 positivity correlated with worse overall survival and event-free survival.
- High-risk CD56-positive pediatric AML patients exhibited increased relapse and mortality rates.
Conclusions:
- CD56 expression is a potential indicator of poor prognosis in specific subgroups of pediatric AML.
- Integrating CD56 expression with other immunophenotypic or cytogenetic markers may enhance AML risk stratification.
- CD56 warrants consideration in the clinical management and risk assessment of childhood AML.
Background:
Many cytogenetic changes and gene mutations are associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) survival outcomes. CD56 is related to poor prognosis when expressed in adult AML patients. However, the prognostic value of CD56 in children with AML has rarely been reported. In this research, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of CD56 in childhood AML.
Methods:
The present retrospective study included 145 newly diagnosed pediatric patients with de novo AML (excluding AML-M3) in two hospitals between January 2015 and April 2021.
Results:
The total median (range) age was 75 (8-176) months, and the median follow-up time was 35 months. No significant difference in the 3-year overall survival rate was noted between the CD56-positive and CD56-negative groups (67.0% vs. 79.3%, P = 0.157) who received chemotherapy. However, among high-risk patients, the CD56-positive group had a worse overall survival rate and event-free survival rate (P < 0.05). Furthermore, among high-risk patients, the CD56-positive group had higher relapse and mortality rates than the CD56-negative group (P < 0.05).
Conclusions:
CD56 represents a potential factor of poor prognosis in specific groups of children with AML and should be considered in the risk stratification of the disease. Given the independent prognostic value of CD56 expression, we should consider integrating this marker with some immunophenotypic or cytogenetic abnormalities for comprehensive analysis.
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