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Related Concept Videos

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Bone Disorders01:29

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

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Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
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Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

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Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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Gross Anatomy of Bone01:17

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The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone made of numerous osteons — the functional unit of the compact bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which harbors the bone marrow. In infants and children, this marrow cavity is filled with red marrow, whereas in...
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Related Experiment Video

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Osteoid Osteoma Mimicking Arthritis.

Diogo Goulart Corrêa, Flavia Martins Costa

    Journal of Clinical Rheumatology : Practical Reports on Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Diseases
    |December 22, 2022
    PubMed
    Summary

    Intra-articular osteoid osteoma can mimic arthritis due to prostaglandin-induced synovitis. Dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging helps detect this hypervascular tumor by showing early enhancement and fast washout, aiding early diagnosis.

    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedics
    • Radiology
    • Oncology

    Background:

    • Intra-articular osteoid osteoma can present with symptoms mimicking arthritis.
    • Prostaglandin release contributes to synovitis, joint effusion, pain, and local temperature elevation.
    • Cortical thickening may be minimal or absent, complicating diagnosis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the diagnostic challenges of intra-articular osteoid osteoma.
    • To emphasize the utility of advanced imaging techniques for early detection.
    • To describe the characteristic imaging findings of intra-articular osteoid osteoma.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of clinical presentations and imaging findings of intra-articular osteoid osteoma.
    • Focus on dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) perfusion imaging.

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  • Correlation of imaging findings with histopathological characteristics.

    • Main Results:

    • Intra-articular osteoid osteoma can cause arthritis-like symptoms.
    • Dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging reveals focal enhancement in the early arterial phase.
    • The tumor nidus demonstrates rapid gadolinium washout, indicative of hypervascularity.

    Conclusions:

    • High clinical suspicion is crucial for diagnosing intra-articular osteoid osteoma.
    • Dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging is a valuable tool for localizing the tumor nidus.
    • Characteristic enhancement patterns on perfusion imaging aid in differentiating from other intra-articular pathologies.