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Cooling different body surfaces during upper and lower body exercise.

A J Young1, M N Sawka, Y Epstein

  • 1US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts 01760-5007.

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|September 1, 1987
PubMed
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Cooling the torso and thighs during lower body exercise improves thermoregulation. However, cooling the arms offers no additional benefit during upper body exercise in hot conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Exercise physiology
  • Human thermoregulation
  • Environmental heat stress

Background:

  • Liquid microclimate cooling systems are used to manage heat stress during exercise.
  • The impact of varying cooled body surface area on thermoregulation is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effect of different body surface areas cooled by a liquid microclimate system on thermoregulation during exercise in heat.
  • To determine if cooling upper arms or thighs provides a thermoregulatory advantage.

Main Methods:

  • Six male subjects performed upper body (arm crank) and lower body (walking) exercise in a hot environment (38°C, 30% RH).
  • Liquid microclimate cooling systems were applied to the torso (T), torso and upper arms (TA), or torso, upper arms, and thighs (TAT).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Coolant inlet temperatures (Ti) were varied (20°C and 26°C) for some conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • Cooling upper arms (TA) provided no additional thermoregulatory benefit compared to torso-only cooling (T) during upper body exercise.
    • Cooling the torso, upper arms, and thighs (TAT) resulted in lower sweat rates, heart rates, and rectal temperature (Tre) changes compared to torso-only cooling (T) during lower body exercise.
    • Altering coolant inlet temperature (Ti) did not affect Tre changes, but higher heart rates were observed at 26°C compared to 20°C.

    Conclusions:

    • Cooling the thigh surfaces during lower body exercise enhances thermoregulation.
    • Cooling the arms does not provide a significant thermoregulatory advantage during upper body exercise.
    • Liquid microclimate cooling effectiveness is dependent on the body surface area being cooled relative to the exercise type.