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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

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Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
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The Cochlea01:13

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The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
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Auditory Pathway01:15

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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
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Hair Cells01:22

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Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.
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The Auditory Ossicles01:11

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The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
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Echo01:06

Echo

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The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
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The Mouse Round-window Approach for Ototoxic Agent Delivery: A Rapid and Reliable Technique for Inducing Cochlear Cell Degeneration
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The relationship between round window and ear canal Cochlear microphonic.

Yongqiang Yu1,2,3,4, Junping Liu1, Jastin Antisdel3

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Mindong Hospital, The Affiliated Mindong Hospital of Fujian Medical University Fujian China.

Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology
|December 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Cochlear microphonic recorded at the ear canal (CM-EC) can substitute for round window recordings (CM-RW). This non-invasive method accurately reflects hearing function and supports clinical use.

Keywords:
ear canal cochlear microphonicnoise induced hearing lossround window cochlear microphonic

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Area of Science:

  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Otoacoustic Emissions
  • Hearing Science

Background:

  • Cochlear microphonic (CM) recordings at the ear canal (CM-EC) are a non-invasive alternative to round window recordings (CM-RW).
  • Tone-burst evoked CM provides more detailed information than click-evoked CM but is technically challenging to record.
  • Optimizing CM-EC recording is crucial for its wider clinical application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility and significance of recording tone-burst evoked CM-EC across the speech frequency range (0.5-8 kHz).
  • To compare CM-EC with CM-RW in guinea pigs with normal hearing and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL).
  • To validate CM-EC as a reliable objective measure for hearing evaluation.

Main Methods:

  • Nine guinea pigs were divided into three groups: normal control, low-frequency noise exposure (0.5-2 kHz), and high-frequency noise exposure (6-8 kHz).
  • Tone-burst evoked CM-EC and CM-RW were recorded across speech frequencies (0.5-8 kHz) after optimizing recording technology.
  • Noise-induced hearing loss was induced using band-noise exposure at 120 dB SPL for 1 hour.

Main Results:

  • Successfully recorded CM-EC and CM-RW across the speech frequency spectrum.
  • Significant reductions in CM amplitude were observed in noise-exposed groups compared to controls (p < .05), indicating CM sensitivity to NIHL.
  • A significant positive correlation was found between CM-RW and CM-EC measurements (p < .05).

Conclusions:

  • Tone-burst evoked CM-EC is a sensitive and reliable objective measure for assessing hearing function.
  • The strong correlation between CM-EC and CM-RW supports the clinical application of non-invasive CM-EC.
  • Optimized CM-EC recording technology facilitates its use in evaluating hearing across speech frequencies, even with NIHL.