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Blast Quantification Using Hopkinson Pressure Bars
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In operando measurements of high explosives.

Dhanalakshmi Sellan1, Xuan Zhou1, Lawrence Salvati1

  • 1School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|December 22, 2022
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Summary

Researchers developed a tabletop shock compression microscope to safely study high explosives and dynamic extreme conditions. This high-throughput method allows detailed analysis of detonation buildup in materials like nitromethane and plastic-bonded explosives.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Physics
  • Shock Wave Phenomena

Background:

  • Studying high explosives under dynamic extreme conditions is crucial for understanding detonation.
  • Existing methods often lack the resolution or safety for detailed in operando analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel, safe, tabletop method for producing and studying detonations and extreme conditions.
  • To enable high-throughput, high-resolution analysis of detonation initiation and propagation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a shock compression microscope with a pulsed laser to launch hypervelocity flyers.
  • Integrated velocimetry, optical pyrometry, and nanosecond imaging for high-fidelity measurements.
  • Investigated detonation buildup in liquid nitromethane and plastic-bonded explosives (PBX) based on HMX.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated safe, high-throughput detonation studies on a tabletop scale.
  • Achieved high spatial (2 µm) and temporal (2 ns) resolution measurements of pressure, density, and temperature.
  • Observed detonation buildup mechanisms, including hotspot formation and deflagration growth in PBX.

Conclusions:

  • The shock compression microscope provides a powerful tool for fundamental detonation science.
  • Enabled study of detonation in minimal sample volumes and detailed analysis of microstructural ignition in PBX.
  • Paved the way for identifying critical hot spots responsible for PBX ignition.