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A Review on Advanced CRISPR-Based Genome-Editing Tools: Base Editing and Prime Editing
Ali Saber Sichani1,2, Maryam Ranjbar3, Maryam Baneshi1
1Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Molecular Biotechnology
|December 22, 2022
Summary
CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing tools, including nucleases, base editors, and prime editors, offer precise therapeutic approaches for genetic defects. Research is advancing these technologies for more efficient and reliable gene therapies.
Area of Science:
- Genetics and Genomics
- Biotechnology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Genetic defects, often caused by single-base pair substitutions, necessitate precise gene-editing tools for therapeutic intervention.
- CRISPR/Cas9 technology has emerged as a powerful tool in life sciences for genome editing and high-throughput screening.
- Various CRISPR-Cas-based gene-editing techniques, such as nucleases, base editors, and prime editors, have been developed for mammalian cells.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the development of CRISPR-based gene-editing tools.
- To describe the functions and summarize research studies on CRISPR-based gene-editing techniques.
- To compare the capabilities and limitations of different CRISPR-based gene-editing platforms for prospective gene therapies.
Main Methods:
- Review and synthesis of existing literature on CRISPR/Cas9 applications.
- Description of the mechanisms of CRISPR-based nucleases, base editors, and prime editors.
- Comparative analysis of the efficiency and reliability of different gene-editing strategies.
Main Results:
- CRISPR/Cas9 applications are rapidly advancing, offering targeted DNA sequence substitution capabilities.
- Different CRISPR-based tools (nucleases, base editors, prime editors) address specific types of pathogenic mutations.
- Ongoing research is enhancing the reliability and efficiency of these gene-editing strategies.
Conclusions:
- CRISPR-based gene-editing technologies hold significant promise for future gene therapies.
- Understanding the distinct capabilities and limitations of each platform is crucial for selecting the appropriate tool.
- Continued advancements in CRISPR technology are expected to improve therapeutic outcomes for genetic diseases.
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