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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria01:19

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria

1.6K
The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
In this solution, the primary...
1.6K
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Ionic Strength: Overview01:12

Ionic Strength: Overview

1.5K
The ionic strength of a solution is a quantitative way of expressing the total electrolyte concentration of a solution. This concept was first introduced in 1921 by two American physical chemists, Gilbert N. Lewis and Merle Randall, while describing the activity coefficient of strong electrolytes. During the calculation of ionic strength (I or μ), all the cations and anions are considered. However, the concentration (c) of an ion with a greater charge number (z) has a greater contribution...
1.5K
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

118.8K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
118.8K
Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

Theory of Metallic Conduction

1.4K
The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
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Updated: Aug 16, 2025

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

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High-entropy mechanism to boost ionic conductivity.

Yan Zeng1, Bin Ouyang1,2,3, Jue Liu4

  • 1Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-entropy materials significantly boost ionic conductivity in solid electrolytes for advanced batteries. This breakthrough enhances synthesizability and reduces reliance on specific chemistries for solid-state batteries.

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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Solid-State Batteries

Background:

  • Solid-state batteries require efficient solid electrolytes for improved safety and performance.
  • Superionic conducting structural frameworks are key to advancing solid electrolyte technology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of high-entropy metal cation mixes on ionic conductivity in solid electrolytes.
  • To demonstrate enhanced synthesizability and reduced chemical specificity through high-entropy design.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporation of high-entropy metal cation mixes into superionic conductor structures.
  • Experimental verification of ionic conductivity in modified Li-NASICON, Na-NASICON, and Li-garnet materials.
  • Analysis of local distortions and alkali ion percolation pathways.

Main Results:

  • High entropy leads to orders-of-magnitude increase in ionic conductivity.
  • Observed enhanced ionic conductivity in lithium (Li)-sodium (Na) superionic conductor (Li-NASICON), Na-NASICON, and Li-garnet structures.
  • Local distortions facilitate low activation energy percolation for alkali ions.

Conclusions:

  • High-entropy engineering is a promising strategy for designing superior solid electrolytes.
  • This approach offers a pathway to overcome limitations of traditional solid electrolyte chemistries.
  • Provides insights for designing novel high-entropy superionic conductors.