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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 16, 2025

Swimming Performance Assessment in Fishes

Swimming Performance Assessment in Fishes

Published on: May 20, 2011

Metabolic and Performance Responses to a Simulated Routine in Elite Artistic Swimmers.

David J Bentley¹, Eric Viana¹, Heather M Logan-Sprenger^1,2

¹Faculty of Health Science, Ontario Tech University, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada.

Sports (Basel, Switzerland)

|December 22, 2022

Summary

Elite artistic swimmers

Keywords:

aerobic athletes fatigue hypercapnia hypoxia performance

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Area of Science:

Sports Science
Exercise Physiology

Background:

Artistic swimming demands significant underwater performance.
Understanding the physiological responses to underwater work is crucial for optimizing training.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between time spent underwater, movement frequency, and blood acid-base balance in artistic swimmers.
To determine the influence of maximal oxygen uptake on artistic swimming performance.

Main Methods:

Elite artistic swimmers (n=6) performed a standardized routine.
Blood samples were analyzed for pH, pCO2, pO2, bicarbonate, potassium, and lactate.
Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was determined via cycle ergometry.

Main Results:

Over half the routine (56%) was performed underwater.
Significant changes in blood acid-base balance variables were observed post-routine.
Maximal oxygen uptake was negatively correlated with total underwater time (r = -0.93; p = 0.007).
Underwater time and movement frequency correlated significantly with blood gas and lactate levels.

Conclusions:

Underwater time and movement rate significantly influence the metabolic response during artistic swimming routines.
Maximal oxygen uptake is a key performance indicator for artistic swimmers.