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Risk Factors of Coronary Artery Disease: A Hospital-Based Study
Surya Devkota1, Raja Ram Dhungana2, Achyut Raj Pandey3
1Manmohan Cardiothoracic Vascular and Transplant Center, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Insights
In Nepal, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and low HDL cholesterol are key risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). Understanding these modifiable factors is crucial for developing effective public health interventions to prevent cardiovascular disease.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading global cause of death.
- Limited data exists on CAD risk factors specifically within the Nepalese population.
- This study addresses the gap in understanding modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in Nepal.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between modifiable cardiovascular risk factors and coronary artery disease (CAD) in Nepal.
- To identify key risk factors for CAD in the Nepalese context.
- To inform future public health strategies for cardiovascular disease prevention in Nepal.
Main Methods:
- A hospital-based case-control study involving 300 participants.
- Cases were 150 newly diagnosed CAD patients; controls were 150 age- and sex-matched non-cardiac patients.
- Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AOR).
Main Results:
- Current smoking (AOR=3.05), hypertension (AOR=1.82), diabetes (AOR=3.78), family history of CAD (AOR=2.92), and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (AOR=2.0) were significantly associated with CAD.
- Current alcohol use (AOR=0.51) showed a protective association.
- The study population comprised 69.3% males and 30.7% females, with a mean age of 59.8 years.
Conclusions:
- Smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and low HDL cholesterol are significant modifiable risk factors for CAD in Nepal.
- These findings highlight the need to incorporate these factors into public health interventions.
- Targeting these modifiable risk factors is essential for future cardiovascular disease prevention strategies in Nepal.
Background:
Coronary artery disease is among the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. There are limited scientific evidence on the risk factors for coronary artery disease specific to the Nepalese context. This study aimed to determine the association of various modifiable cardiovascular risk factors with coronary artery disease in Nepal.
Methods:
It is a hospital-based case-control study conducted among 300 participants. Case group comprised of 150 newly diagnosed coronary artery disease patients attending Manmohan Cardiothoracic Vascular and Transplant Centre while the Age and sex matched non-cardiac patients (n=150) from the outpatient department of the Department of General Practice and Emergency Medicine of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital were recruited as controls. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were calculated using multivariable logistic regression.
Results:
Of the 300 participants, 208 (69.3%) were males and 92 (30.7%) were females. The mean age was 59.8 years ± 11 years (standard deviation). In multivariable analysis, current smoking (AOR=3.05, 95% CI: 1.61-5.78), hypertension (AOR=1.82, 95% CI: 1.08-3.09), diabetes (AOR=3.78, 95% CI: 1.91-7.47), family history of coronary artery disease (AOR=2.92, 95% CI: 1.27-6.71), and low high density lipoprotein (AOR= 2.0, 95% CI: 1.17-3.42) were significantly associated with coronary artery disease. Current alcohol use (AOR=0.51, 95% CI: 0.29-0.89) was identified as a protective factor for coronary artery disease.
Conclusions:
Among the modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and low level of high density lipoprotein were significantly associated with coronary artery disease, which should be considered while developing public health interventions for cardiovascular disease prevention in Nepal in future.
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