Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 16, 2025
09:27
Isolation and Functional Analysis of Mitochondria from Cultured Cells and Mouse Tissue
Published on: March 23, 2015
39.7K
The Pathophysiological Significance of "Mitochondrial Ejection" from Cells
Qintao Fan1, Yasuhiro Maejima1, Lai Wei1
1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
Biomolecules
|December 23, 2022
Summary
Mitochondria can leave cells to be degraded or support other cells. This review explores how mitochondria move between cells and their role in cardiovascular disease.
Area of Science:
- Cellular Biology
- Mitochondrial Dynamics
- Cardiovascular Pathogenesis
Background:
- Mitochondria are vital for cellular energy production (ATP) and biosynthesis.
- Dysfunctional mitochondria can cause cell damage, inflammation, and apoptosis.
- Cellular health relies on mitochondrial quality control mechanisms.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the regulation of mitochondrial transmigration across plasma membranes.
- To discuss the functional significance of mitochondria moving between cells.
- To examine the impact of mitochondrial ejection on cardiovascular disease.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent research on mitochondrial quality control.
- Analysis of studies on mitochondrial ejection and intercellular transfer.
- Synthesis of findings related to cardiovascular disease pathogenesis.
Main Results:
- Mitochondria can be actively ejected from cells or transferred to other cells.
- This transmigration serves roles in degradation, metabolic support, and intercellular signaling.
- Mitochondrial dynamics are implicated in the development of cardiovascular diseases.
Conclusions:
- Mitochondrial ejection is a regulated process with significant physiological roles.
- Understanding mitochondrial transmigration offers insights into cardiovascular disease mechanisms.
- Further research is needed to elucidate underlying mechanisms and therapeutic potential.
Related Concept Videos
01:37Mitochondria
14.1K
Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
14.1K
01:45Mitochondrial Membranes
11.8K
A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
11.8K
01:19Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria
3.2K
Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
3.2K
02:59Animal Mitochondrial Genetics
7.9K
Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
7.9K
01:37Energy to Drive Translocation
2.1K
Mitochondrial protein import is powered by two distinct energy sources: ATP hydrolysis and electrochemical potential across the inner membrane. Newly synthesized precursors are bound by cytosolic chaperones of the Hsp70 family, which guide them to the import receptors on the mitochondrial surface. Utilizing the energy of ATP hydrolysis, Hsp70 chaperones transfer these precursors to the TOM receptors on the mitochondrial outer membrane.
Generally, polypeptides are unfolded by two distinct...
Generally, polypeptides are unfolded by two distinct...
2.1K
01:46Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II
14.8K
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
14.8K