Epidemiology of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Infection and Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Area of Science:

• Virology
• Dermatology
• Oncology

Background:

• Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is a ubiquitous human virus commonly found on skin.
• MCPyV infection is widespread, with seropositivity increasing significantly from childhood to adulthood.
• Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive skin cancer, with approximately 80% of cases linked to MCPyV.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the epidemiology and pathogenesis of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC).
• To highlight the role of Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) in MCC development.
• To discuss risk factors and trends in MCC incidence.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of epidemiological data on MCPyV and MCC.
• Analysis of the etiological roles of MCPyV and UV radiation in MCC pathogenesis.
• Examination of MCC incidence trends and risk factors.

Main Results:

• MCPyV DNA is detected on healthy skin, and intact virions are shed.
• MCPyV-associated MCC tumorigenesis involves viral oncogene expression.
• MCPyV-negative MCC is linked to UV-induced DNA damage and cell cycle deregulation.
• MCC incidence has increased globally, with projections indicating further rises.

Conclusions:

• MCPyV is a key factor in MCC development, alongside UV radiation.
• Risk factors for MCC include male sex, older age, fair skin, immunosuppression, and UV exposure.
• Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential for managing MCC due to its high morbidity and mortality.