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Engineered Extracellular Vesicles in Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Review

Alok Raghav1, Hamid Ashraf2, Goo-Bo Jeong3

  • 1Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Sponsored by Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur 208002, India.

Biomedicines
|December 23, 2022
PubMed

Insulin replacement is an available treatment for autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). There are multiple limitations in the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as T1DM by immunosuppression using drugs and chemicals. The advent of extracellular vesicle (EV)-based therapies for the treatment of various diseases has attracted much attention to the field of bio-nanomedicine. Tolerogenic nanoparticles can induce immune tolerance, especially in autoimmune diseases. EVs can deliver cargo to specific cells without restrictions. Accordingly, EVs can be used to deliver tolerogenic nanoparticles, including iron oxide-peptide-major histocompatibility complex, polyethylene glycol-silver-2-(1'H-indole-3'-carbonyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester, and carboxylated poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles coupled with or encapsulating an antigen, to effectively treat autoimmune T1DM. The present work highlights the advances in exosome-based delivery of tolerogenic nanoparticles for the treatment of autoimmune T1DM.

Keywords:
extracellular vesiclesimmunosuppressioninsulintolerogenic nanoparticlestype 1 diabetes

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