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Role of Biomarkers in Periprosthetic Joint Infections
Serhat Akcaalan1, Halil Ibrahim Ozaslan2,3, Ceyhun Caglar3
1Kırıkkale Yuksek Ihtısas Hospital, Kırıkkale 71300, Turkey.
Abstract:
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the most serious complications after joint arthroplasty. The incidence rate of PJI after total joint replacement is 1-3%. Although there are different guidelines and diagnostic criteria used to diagnose PJI, diagnosing PJI is a highly difficult process for orthopedists. The current Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria are widely used for the diagnosis of PJI. These criteria include results from blood/synovial fluid tests, physical examination, and histological and microbiological analyses of intra-operative samples. However, there is currently no blood or synovial test that can definitively diagnose PJI. To make a more effective diagnosis of PJI, a large number of studies have explored and continue to investigate biomarkers. This review aims to provide general information about serum and synovial markers used for the diagnosis of PJI that may be used to create a database to guide researchers in new studies.
Insights
Diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after joint replacement is challenging. This review explores serum and synovial biomarkers to improve PJI diagnosis and guide future research.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedics
- Infectious Diseases
- Biomarker Research
Background:
- Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a severe complication following joint arthroplasty, occurring in 1-3% of total joint replacements.
- Accurate diagnosis of PJI remains challenging for orthopedic surgeons despite existing guidelines like the Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria.
- Current diagnostic methods rely on a combination of clinical, laboratory, and microbiological data, but lack a definitive blood or synovial fluid test.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an overview of current serum and synovial biomarkers utilized in the diagnosis of PJI.
- To highlight the ongoing research into novel biomarkers for more effective PJI detection.
- To inform the development of a comprehensive database for guiding future PJI diagnostic research.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on diagnostic criteria and biomarkers for PJI.
- Analysis of current Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria components.
- Exploration of various serum and synovial fluid markers investigated for PJI diagnosis.
Main Results:
- The diagnosis of PJI is complex, often requiring integration of multiple data points.
- No single blood or synovial fluid test currently provides definitive PJI diagnosis.
- Numerous biomarkers are under investigation to enhance diagnostic accuracy.
Conclusions:
- Improved diagnostic tools, particularly reliable biomarkers, are crucial for timely and accurate PJI management.
- Further research into serum and synovial markers is essential for developing better diagnostic strategies.
- A centralized database of biomarkers will aid researchers in advancing PJI diagnostics.
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