Advances in Imaging for Assessing Pelvic Endometriosis

Area of Science:

• Radiology
• Gynecology

Background:

• Advancements in diagnostic technology and standardized protocols are enhancing the imaging-based diagnosis of pelvic endometriosis.
• Transvaginal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging are key modalities for identifying most endometriosis phenotypes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current and emerging imaging techniques for diagnosing pelvic endometriosis, with a focus on rectosigmoid colon involvement.

Main Methods:

• Review of established imaging modalities: transvaginal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging.
• Evaluation of additional radiological techniques for rectosigmoid colon endometriosis: barium enema, rectal endoscopic ultrasonography, CT enema, CT colonography, and PET-CT.

Main Results:

• Transvaginal ultrasound and MRI accurately diagnose the majority of endometriosis phenotypes.
• Several specialized techniques show promise for detailed assessment of rectosigmoid colon endometriosis.

Conclusions:

• Modern imaging, particularly ultrasound and MRI, is crucial for diagnosing pelvic endometriosis.
• A range of advanced radiological methods can further characterize rectosigmoid colon endometriosis.