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Development of Mia Phenotyping Using Paper-Based Device.

Sirinart Chomean1, Jirapat Attapong2, Sumittra Jitsuvantaya2

  • 1Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new paper-based device accurately identifies the Mia blood group antigen, crucial for preventing transfusion reactions. This method offers a simpler alternative to traditional techniques for blood donor screening.

Keywords:
GYP(B-A-B) hybridsHTRMiltenbergerpaper-based device

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Area of Science:

  • Blood group serology
  • Transfusion medicine
  • Biomedical engineering

Background:

  • The Mia blood group antigen exhibits variable prevalence across ethnic groups.
  • Anti-Mia antibodies can cause severe complications like hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) and hemolytic transfusion reactions (HTR).
  • Accurate Mia phenotyping in blood donors is essential to prevent life-threatening HTRs, but current methods require specialized equipment and expertise.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel, user-friendly paper-based analytical device (PAD) for Mia phenotyping.
  • To establish objective interpretation criteria for the PAD-Mia assay using image analysis.
  • To assess the performance of PAD-Mia typing compared to the established gel card method and explore genotype-phenotype correlations.

Main Methods:

  • A novel paper-based analytical device (PAD) pre-coated with monoclonal IgM anti-Mia was utilized for Mia phenotyping.
  • Image analysis using OpenCV measured grey pixel intensity at sample (SP) and elution parts (EP), with SP:EP ratio and F-score used as analysis criteria.
  • PAD-Mia typing results were compared with the gel card method for 214 EDTA blood samples and validated with 150 blood donor samples. Genotyping was performed using PCR-SSP to identify GYP(B-A-B) hybrids.

Main Results:

  • The PAD-Mia assay achieved 100% sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy when optimal criteria (SP:EP ratio of 1.07, F-score of 0.17) were applied, validated against the gel card method.
  • Validation on blood donor samples (n=150) using the F-score criterion also yielded 100% sensitivity and specificity.
  • All Mia+ samples showed concordant results between gel card phenotyping and PCR-SSP genotyping for GYP(B-A-B) hybrids, with positive results for GP. Hut, GP. HF, GP. Mur, GP. Hop, and GP. Bun.

Conclusions:

  • The paper-based analytical device (PAD-Mia) provides a highly sensitive, specific, and accurate method for Mia phenotyping without the need for sero-centrifugation.
  • This novel device offers a simplified and accessible alternative for Mia typing in blood donors, potentially reducing the risk of alloimmunization.
  • Establishing a phenotype database using PAD-Mia typing can significantly contribute to safer blood transfusion practices and the prevention of transfusion-related complications.