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Related Concept Videos

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Assessing Body Temperature - Oral01:14

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Here are the steps to accurately measure oral temperature using an electronic thermometer:
Step 1:
Start by practicing proper hand hygiene to prevent the spread of microorganisms.
Step 2:
Take the thermometer out of the charging unit, switch it on, and wait for the ready sign.
Step 3:
Gently slide the probe cover until a click is heard. This simple action prevents cross-contamination and ensures the correct placement of the probe cover.
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Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery01:19

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

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Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.  
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Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla01:14

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Procedural Guide for Assessing Axillary Body Temperature using a Digital Thermometer:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and put on clean gloves to maintain infection control and prevent cross-contamination.
Step 2: Prepare the patient by explaining the procedure to ensure understanding and cooperation. Ensure privacy, expose the axilla, and inform the patient that minimal movement is crucial for an accurate reading.
Step 3: Adjust the patient’s clothing to expose only the axilla. It minimizes...
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Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane01:14

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Assessing tympanic membrane temperature involves using a tympanic membrane thermometer (TMT). Here is a step-by-step guide:
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Step 2: Turn on the thermometer and wait until the ready sign appears on the screen to ensure accurate measurement.
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Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
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OdorTAM: Technology Acceptance Model for Biometric Authentication System Using Human Body Odor.

Sameena Naaz1, Sarah Ali Khan1, Farheen Siddiqui1

  • 1Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|December 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Body odor biometrics offer unique authentication. A new model, OdorTAM, shows user acceptance of this technology for enhanced security systems.

Keywords:
biometric authenticationbody odorprivacysecuritytechnology acceptance model (TAM)

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Area of Science:

  • Biometrics
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Sensory Authentication

Background:

  • Body odor is a unique biometric identifier with potential for authentication.
  • Limited research exists on consumer acceptance of odor-based biometric technologies.
  • Understanding user perceptions is crucial for implementing novel biometric systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and validate a Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) for body-odor-based biometrics, named OdorTAM.
  • To assess user acceptance of odor detection as an authentication method.
  • To identify key factors influencing the adoption of body-odor biometrics.

Main Methods:

  • Development and validation of the OdorTAM model.
  • Creation of a web-based questionnaire using Google Forms.
  • Collection and statistical analysis of 150 survey responses.

Main Results:

  • All hypotheses within the OdorTAM model were statistically supported.
  • The OdorTAM model demonstrated satisfactory predictive power for user acceptance.
  • Survey results indicate a positive reception towards body-odor biometric technology.

Conclusions:

  • The OdorTAM model provides a robust framework for understanding user acceptance of odor biometrics.
  • Body-odor-based authentication is a viable alternative, potentially enhancing security when combined with other methods.
  • This research addresses a gap in understanding consumer perspectives on less-explored biometric modalities.