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Human Monkeypox-A Global Public Health Emergency.

Enrico Maria Zardi1, Camilla Chello2

  • 1Internistic Ultrasound Service, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|December 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Monkeypox, a viral zoonosis, has become a global health emergency. Understanding its spread from endemic regions and high-risk groups is key to prevention through vaccination and early diagnosis.

Keywords:
COVID-19epidemichuman monkeypoxtherapytransmissionvacciniaviruszoonosis

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Monkeypox is a viral zoonosis caused by an Orthopoxvirus.
  • It is endemic in Central and West African countries.
  • Recent outbreaks in non-endemic regions led to a global health emergency declaration by the WHO.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the spread of monkeypox from endemic to non-endemic countries.
  • To identify high-risk communities affected by the outbreak.
  • To highlight the importance of prevention and control strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical characterization of monkeypox symptoms.
  • Epidemiological observation of outbreak patterns.
  • Analysis of transmission dynamics through travelers and sexual networks.

Main Results:

  • African endemic countries serve as a reservoir for the virus.
  • Outbreaks in non-endemic countries disproportionately affect high-risk communities, including gay and bisexual men.
  • Current treatments for monkeypox remain tentative.

Conclusions:

  • Preventing monkeypox spread requires controlling transmission from endemic areas and strengthening public health systems.
  • Vaccination and early diagnosis are crucial for breaking the chain of infection.
  • Targeted information campaigns and support for high-risk groups in non-endemic countries are essential priorities.