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The Cytoskeleton in Plant Immunity: Dynamics, Regulation, and Function.

Jingyi Wang1,2,3, Na Lian1,2,3, Yue Zhang1,2,3

  • 1National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|December 23, 2022
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The plant cytoskeleton dynamically remodels during pathogen attacks, coordinating immune responses and defense signaling. Pathogens target this cytoskeleton, highlighting its crucial role in plant immunity.

Keywords:
actin filamentdynamicsfunctionmicrotubuleplant immunityregulation

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Cellular and molecular biology
  • Plant immunity

Background:

  • The plant cytoskeleton, composed of actin filaments and microtubules, is vital for growth, development, and stress responses.
  • Recent studies show the cytoskeleton rapidly remodels upon pathogen detection, influencing immune complex formation, receptor dynamics, organelle movement, and defense compound transport.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding plant cytoskeleton dynamics during pathogen sensing.
  • To summarize effectors that target the plant cytoskeleton.
  • To highlight the regulation of cytoskeletal remodeling in plant defense responses.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on plant cytoskeleton dynamics and immunity.
  • Analysis of pathogen effectors targeting the cytoskeleton.
  • Synthesis of findings on cytoskeleton-associated proteins and signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • The plant cytoskeleton acts as a critical platform for plant immune responses, coordinating various cellular events upon pathogen attack.
  • Pathogens evolve effectors to manipulate the cytoskeleton for their benefit.
  • Cytoskeleton reorganization influences reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and salicylic acid (SA) signaling, indicating a complex regulatory role in plant immunity.

Conclusions:

  • The plant cytoskeleton plays a multifaceted role in plant immunity, involving dynamic remodeling, interaction with pathogen effectors, and regulation of defense signaling pathways.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex interplay between the cytoskeleton and plant immune responses.