Plazomicin against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria: A Scoping Review

Area of Science:

• Pharmacology
• Infectious Diseases
• Microbiology

Background:

• Plazomicin is a next-generation aminoglycoside antibiotic developed to combat multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial infections.
• Its efficacy extends to bacteria producing carbapenemases and other specific hydrolases, addressing a critical unmet need in infectious disease treatment.
• The rise of antimicrobial resistance necessitates novel therapeutic agents like plazomicin.

Purpose of the Study:

• To define the clinical role of plazomicin since its FDA approval in 2018.
• To synthesize current evidence on plazomicin's application against multi-resistant bacteria.
• To establish a foundation for future meta-analyses on plazomicin's effectiveness.

Main Methods:

• A scoping review methodology was employed, adhering to PRISMA extension and JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis guidelines.
• Systematic literature search across multiple databases identified 901 citations.
• After removing 345 duplicates, 81 articles were selected for data extraction and analysis.

Main Results:

• Plazomicin has been utilized in treating complex infections, including urinary tract infections, bloodstream infections, and ventilator-associated pneumonia.
• Key multi-resistant pathogens targeted include E. coli, K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus.
• Data indicates plazomicin's effectiveness against a spectrum of MDR bacteria.

Conclusions:

• Plazomicin demonstrates significant potential as a valuable non-beta-lactam antibiotic for treating infections caused by multi-resistant bacteria.
• It represents a manageable and effective therapeutic option in the face of escalating antimicrobial resistance.
• Further research, including meta-analyses, is warranted to fully elucidate plazomicin's clinical utility and comparative effectiveness.