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Bacilli in the International Space Station.

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Astronauts face health risks from microbes like anthrax bacilli. A Bacillus cereus group strain on the International Space Station (ISS) shows genetic changes, indicating adaptation to the space environment.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Space Medicine
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Astronauts experience immune suppression and isolation, increasing disease vulnerability.
  • Bacillus anthracis and related bacilli pose potential health risks in space environments.
  • The Bacillus cereus group, including B. anthracis, has diverse pathogenic potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore astronaut health risks associated with Bacillus anthracis and anthrax-like bacilli.
  • To investigate the genetics and evolutionary biology of Bacillus cereus group strains found in space.
  • To assess the potential pathogenicity of Bacillus cereus group strains on the International Space Station (ISS).

Main Methods:

  • Genomic sequence alignment of Bacillus cereus group strains from the ISS.
  • Analysis of genetic variations within ISS strains.
  • Comparison of ISS strains with known Bacillus anthracis and other Bacillus cereus group strains.

Main Results:

  • A novel clade of the Bacillus cereus group, related to B. anthracis, has colonized the ISS.
  • ISS strains exhibit high genomic sequence identity, suggesting a common origin.
  • Genetic variations indicate prolonged vegetative growth and adaptation of ISS strains.

Conclusions:

  • Bacillus cereus group strains on the ISS may pose a unique health risk to astronauts.
  • These strains have adapted to the space environment, accumulating unique genetic variations.
  • The potential for acquiring pathogenic plasmids necessitates further monitoring and research.