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Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Rejection of Fluorescence Background in Resonance and Spontaneous Raman Microspectroscopy
Published on: May 18, 2011
Raman Spectroscopy of Carotenoid Compounds for Clinical Applications-A Review
Joy Udensi1,2,3, James Loughman2,3, Ekaterina Loskutova2,3
1FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Camden Row, Dublin 8, D08 CKP1 Dublin, Ireland.
Abstract:
Carotenoid compounds are ubiquitous in nature, providing the characteristic colouring of many algae, bacteria, fruits and vegetables. They are a critical component of the human diet and play a key role in human nutrition, health and disease. Therefore, the clinical importance of qualitative and quantitative carotene content analysis is increasingly recognised. In this review, the structural and optical properties of carotenoid compounds are reviewed, differentiating between those of carotenes and xanthophylls. The strong non-resonant and resonant Raman spectroscopic signatures of carotenoids are described, and advances in the use of Raman spectroscopy to identify carotenoids in biological environments are reviewed. Focus is drawn to applications in nutritional analysis, optometry and serology, based on in vitro and ex vivo measurements in skin, retina and blood, and progress towards establishing the technique in a clinical environment, as well as challenges and future perspectives, are explored.
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