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Carrier generation is the process by which electron-hole pairs (EHPs) are created within the semiconductor. In direct-bandgap semiconductors, such as gallium arsenide (GaAs), this occurs efficiently when energy absorption prompts valence electrons to leap into the conduction band, leaving behind holes.
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Nonreciprocal transmission in a nonlinear coupled heterostructure.

Jianming Mai, Kok Wai Cheah

    Optics Express
    |December 23, 2022
    PubMed
    Summary

    A novel metal-nonlinear-metal-insulator-metal heterostructure exhibits tunable optical transmission. This non-Hermitian system shows reciprocal and nonreciprocal properties, leading to optical bistability at high incident power.

    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and optical metamaterials.
    • Non-Hermitian physics and coupled mode theory.

    Background:

    • Nonlinear optical phenomena are crucial for advanced photonic devices.
    • Reciprocal and nonreciprocal transmission in heterostructures offer unique functionalities.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and theoretically investigate a novel metal-nonlinear-metal-insulator-metal heterostructure.
    • To explore its linear and nonlinear optical transmission characteristics, including reciprocity and optical bistability.

    Main Methods:

    • Nonlinear coupled mode theory was employed for theoretical modeling.
    • Simulations were performed to investigate transmission behaviors under varying incident powers.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed heterostructure exhibits both reciprocal (low power) and nonreciprocal (high power) transmission.

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  • Simultaneous zero reflection points were achieved for forward propagation.
  • Nonlinear effects lead to broken reciprocity and observed optical bistability at high incident power.

    • Conclusions:

    • The theoretical study demonstrates novel optical responses in the proposed heterostructure.
    • Its simple fabrication allows for potential experimental verification.
    • Unique optical characteristics enable the design of multifunctional optical devices.