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Related Concept Videos

Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism01:27

Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism

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Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
Such synergistic combinations...
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Development of Antibiotic Resistance01:30

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Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
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Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

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Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
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Antibiotic Selection00:57

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Targets for Drug Action: Overview01:26

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Drugs target macromolecules to modify ongoing cellular processes. Primary drug targets include receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 16, 2025

Quadruple-Checkerboard: A Modification of the Three-Dimensional Checkerboard for Studying Drug Combinations
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Drug Repurposing Approaches towards Defeating Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens: Novel

Augustine Koh Jing Jie1,2, Maytham Hussein2, Gauri G Rao3

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary

New strategies combining polymyxins with non-antibiotics offer hope against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative pathogens. This approach aims to preserve the effectiveness of last-resort antibiotics facing rising resistance.

Keywords:
antimicrobial resistancedrug repurposingnon-antibiotic agentspolymyxins

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High-throughput Identification of Synergistic Drug Combinations by the Overlap2 Method
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High-throughput Identification of Synergistic Drug Combinations by the Overlap2 Method

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative pathogens pose a significant public health challenge.
  • Increasing resistance to both common and last-resort antibiotics, like polymyxins, is a growing concern.
  • There is a critical shortage of new antibiotics in the drug discovery pipeline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature on polymyxin/non-antibiotic combinations.
  • To explore the mechanisms of action for these novel combinations.
  • To identify pathways for advancing the clinical application of these strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on polymyxin and non-antibiotic combinations.
  • Analysis of reported mechanisms of action.
  • Evaluation of potential clinical applications and future research directions.

Main Results:

  • Polymyxin/non-antibiotic combinations show promise as an effective strategy against MDR pathogens.
  • These combinations can help overcome resistance to last-line antibiotics.
  • Various non-antibiotic agents are being explored for synergistic effects with polymyxins.

Conclusions:

  • Combining polymyxins with non-antibiotics is a viable strategy to combat MDR Gram-negative infections.
  • Further research and clinical trials are needed to optimize and implement these combinations.
  • This approach is crucial for preserving the efficacy of existing antibiotics and addressing the antibiotic resistance crisis.