Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 16, 2025
08:48
Author Spotlight: Decoding Mitochondrial Aging
Published on: June 30, 2023
4.1K
Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Pathophysiology and Mitochondria-Targeted Drug Delivery Approaches
Tanzeel Khan1, Rashid Waseem1, Zainy Zehra1
1Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
Pharmaceutics
|December 23, 2022
Summary
Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to various diseases. Novel nanoformulations offer promising strategies for mitochondria-targeted drug delivery to treat these conditions effectively.
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Biochemistry
- Nanotechnology
Background:
- Mitochondria are vital organelles for cellular function beyond ATP generation.
- Mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to numerous pathologies, including metabolic disorders, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases.
- Targeting mitochondria presents a promising therapeutic avenue for disease treatment and prevention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in disease pathophysiology.
- To discuss recent advancements in mitochondria-targeted drug delivery strategies.
- To highlight the challenges and potential of nanoformulations for mitochondrial therapy.
Main Methods:
- Review of scientific literature on mitochondrial dysfunction and drug delivery.
- Analysis of various nanoformulation strategies for targeting mitochondria.
- Discussion of mitochondriotropic moieties and their role in drug delivery.
Main Results:
- Mitochondrial dysfunction is a significant factor in various human diseases.
- Nanoformulations, including nanoparticles and liposomes, are being developed for mitochondria-targeted therapy.
- Mitochondriotropic moieties like MPPs, TPP, and DQA facilitate drug delivery into mitochondria.
Conclusions:
- Mitochondria-targeted drug delivery is crucial for treating diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.
- Advancements in nanotechnology offer effective solutions to overcome mitochondrial barriers.
- Further research into nanoformulations holds significant therapeutic potential.
More Related Videos
08:15Exploring Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism of Single 3D Microtissue Spheroids Using Extracellular Flux Analysis
Published on: February 3, 2022
3.2K
09:40Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
Published on: January 19, 2017
11.8K
Related Concept Videos
01:46Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II
14.8K
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
14.8K
01:19Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria
3.2K
Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
3.2K
01:45Mitochondrial Membranes
11.8K
A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
11.8K
01:37Mitochondria
14.1K
Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
14.1K
01:26Targets for Drug Action: Overview
6.9K
Drugs target macromolecules to modify ongoing cellular processes. Primary drug targets include receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes.
Receptors are either membrane-spanning or intracellular proteins, which upon binding a ligand, get activated and transmit the signal downstream to elicit a response. Drugs bind receptors, either mimicking the action of endogenous ligands or blocking the receptor activity to bring about a modified response. Nearly 35% of approved drugs target the G...
Receptors are either membrane-spanning or intracellular proteins, which upon binding a ligand, get activated and transmit the signal downstream to elicit a response. Drugs bind receptors, either mimicking the action of endogenous ligands or blocking the receptor activity to bring about a modified response. Nearly 35% of approved drugs target the G...
6.9K
01:48ATP Synthase: Mechanism
15.0K
In animals, the mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase is the key protein that synthesizes ATP molecules through a complex catalytic mechanism. While the nuclear genome encodes the majority of ATP synthase subunits, the mitochondrial genome encodes some of the enzyme's most critical components. The formation of this multi-subunit enzyme is a complex multi-step process regulated at the level of transcription, translation, and assembly. Defects in one or more of these steps can result in decreased...
15.0K