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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

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The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
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Physiological Barriers01:25

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Physiological barriers are semi-permeable cellular structures restricting drug diffusion into intracellular compartments and tissues. There are six types of physiological barriers: blood endothelial, cell membrane, blood-brain, blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood-placenta, and blood-testis barriers.
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Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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The Blood-brain Barrier00:49

The Blood-brain Barrier

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Transcellular Transport of Solutes01:23

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Transcellular transport of solutes is the movement of substances like monosaccharides and amino acids through polarized cells. This transport mechanism is primarily seen in epithelial and endothelial cells aided by membrane transport proteins such as channels and transporters. The tight junctions between these cells confine the membrane proteins to the two sides of the cell. The epithelial cells have distinct apical and basolateral domains. In contrast, the endothelial cells show the luminal...
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Current Update on Transcellular Brain Drug Delivery.

Bhakti Pawar1, Nupur Vasdev1, Tanisha Gupta1

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India.

Pharmaceutics
|December 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) hinders brain drug delivery, but novel methods like nanomedicine and nose-to-brain delivery offer solutions. Understanding BBB permeability and formulation factors is key for effective therapeutic delivery.

Keywords:
blood–brain barrierexosomenanocarriersnose-to-brain deliverypeptidetranscytosis

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • The blood-brain barrier (BBB) presents a significant obstacle for delivering therapeutic agents to the brain.
  • Conventional drug delivery methods are often ineffective due to the restrictive nature of the BBB.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the challenges posed by the BBB in brain drug delivery.
  • To explore innovative strategies and techniques for overcoming BBB limitations.
  • To discuss factors influencing BBB permeability and drug clearance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on brain drug delivery mechanisms.
  • Discussion of nanomedicine approaches for enhanced drug transport.
  • Exploration of nose-to-brain delivery and peptide-based carriers.

Main Results:

  • The transcellular route is a primary pathway for therapeutic molecule transport across the BBB.
  • Nanotechnology offers promising avenues for developing novel brain-penetrant drug formulations.
  • Peptide carriers and direct nose-to-brain delivery bypass traditional systemic circulation challenges.

Conclusions:

  • Overcoming the BBB is crucial for effective treatment of neurological disorders.
  • Nanomedicine, nose-to-brain delivery, and peptide carriers represent key advancements in brain drug delivery.
  • Understanding BBB permeability, formulation design, and drug clearance is essential for successful therapeutic outcomes.