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Stochastic paths controlling speed and dissipation.

Rebecca A Bone1, Daniel J Sharpe2, David J Wales2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Faster natural processes don't always dissipate more energy. This study reveals that far from equilibrium, rapid processes can dissipate less energy, challenging previous thermodynamic assumptions.

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Non-equilibrium Systems

Background:

  • Natural processes dissipate energy and entropy over finite time.
  • Near equilibrium, faster processes are assumed to dissipate more than slower ones.
  • Thermodynamic speed limits suggest faster processes dissipate more, especially in small systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if the relationship between speed and dissipation holds for stochastic paths far from thermodynamic equilibrium.
  • To investigate how nonequilibrium currents influence energy and entropy dissipation in driven systems.

Main Methods:

  • Derived an exact expression for path probabilities of continuous-time Markov chains using path summation solution to the master equation.
  • Developed a minimal model for a driven system to analyze speed and dissipation dynamics.
  • Utilized stochastic path analysis on finite timescales.

Main Results:

  • The hypothesis that faster processes dissipate more energy holds true near equilibrium.
  • Far from equilibrium, faster processes were found to dissipate less energy due to strong nonequilibrium currents.
  • Relative energies control speed, while cycle currents dictate dissipation in the model.

Conclusions:

  • The relationship between process speed and dissipation is not universally applicable, especially in far-from-equilibrium conditions.
  • Nonequilibrium currents can reverse the typical speed-dissipation relationship.
  • The developed model serves as a prototype for engineering kinetics to minimize dissipation in faster processes.