Linear Spatial Misregistration Detection and Correction Based on Spectral Unmixing for FAHI Hyperspectral Imagery

In push-broom hyperspectral imaging systems, the sensor rotation to the optical plane leads to linear spatial misregistration (LSM) in hyperspectral images (HSIs). To compensate for hardware defects through software, this paper develops four methods to detect LSM in HSIs. Different from traditional methods for grayscale images, the method of fitting the sum of abundance (FSAM) and the method of searching for equal abundance (SEAM) are achieved by hyperspectral unmixing for a selected rectangular transition areas containing an edge, which makes good use of spatial and spectral information. The method based on line detection for band-interleaved-by-line (BIL) images (LDBM) and the method based on the Fourier transform of BIL images (FTBM) aim to characterize the slope of line structure in BIL images and get rid of the dependence on scene and wavelength. A full strategy is detailed from aspects of data selection, LSM detection, and image correction. The full spectrum airborne hyperspectral imager (FAHI) is China's new generation push-broom scanner. The HSIs obtained by FAHI are tested and analyzed. Experiments on simulation data compare the four proposed methods with traditional methods and prove that FSAM outperforms other methods in terms of accuracy and stability. In experiments on real data, the application of the full strategy on FAHI verifies its effectiveness. This work not only provides reference for other push-broom imagers with similar problems, but also helps to reduce the requirement for hardware calibration.