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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...

Types of RNA

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...

Translational Regulation

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...

Experimental RNAi

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...

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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 16, 2025

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster

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Published on: August 21, 2014

Plant long non-coding RNAs: biologically relevant and mechanistically intriguing.

Jun Yang¹, Federico Ariel², Dong Wang¹

¹Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering in Jiangxi Province, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, 330031, China.

Journal of Experimental Botany

|December 23, 2022

Summary

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators in plant development and stress responses. This review highlights their functions and potential for improving plant breeding through biotechnology.

Keywords:

Alternative splicing R-loop chromatin loop gene translation histone modification long noncoding RNA protein relocalization protein–protein interactions target mimic transcription factor

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Last Updated: Aug 16, 2025

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Published on: August 21, 2014

RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA

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Detection of RNA-binding Proteins by In Vitro RNA Pull-down in Adipocyte Culture

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Published on: July 22, 2016

Area of Science:

Plant molecular biology
Genomics
Biotechnology

Background:

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA molecules exceeding 200 nucleotides with limited protein-coding capacity.
lncRNAs participate in various biological processes by interacting with DNA, RNA, and proteins.
Recent advances in RNA sequencing have identified numerous lncRNAs in plant transcriptomes.

Approach:

This review synthesizes recent research on lncRNA regulatory roles and mechanisms in plants.
It focuses on lncRNAs' involvement throughout the plant life cycle.
The review also briefly explores biotechnological applications of lncRNAs in plant breeding.

Key Points:

lncRNAs play crucial regulatory roles in plant growth, development, and responses to environmental stresses.
Understanding lncRNA mechanisms provides insights into complex gene regulation networks in plants.
Functional studies have confirmed the significance of specific lncRNAs in plant biology.

Conclusions:

lncRNAs are vital regulators in plants, influencing development and stress adaptation.
Further research into lncRNA functions can unlock novel strategies for crop improvement.
Biotechnological applications of lncRNAs hold promise for enhancing plant breeding efforts.