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Effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on immunity
Yang-Yiyi Yu1,2, Hui Jin1,2,3, Qianjin Lu1,2,3,4,5
1Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Journal of Translational Autoimmunity
|December 23, 2022
Summary
Environmental contaminants like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) significantly impact human immunity, potentially worsening autoimmune and allergic diseases. Understanding these effects is crucial for preventing environmentally induced illnesses.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Health
- Immunology
- Toxicology
Background:
- Unhealthy environments contribute to a significant portion of global deaths.
- Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread contaminants found in air, water, and food.
- PAH exposure affects human immunity, leading to immunosuppression and exacerbation of immune-related diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the impact of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on the human immune system.
- To summarize current knowledge on PAH-induced immune dysregulation and related diseases.
- To explore the mechanisms underlying PAH's effects on immunity and propose future research directions.
Main Methods:
- Literature review synthesizing existing research on PAHs and the immune system.
- Analysis of studies investigating PAH exposure routes and health consequences.
- Examination of molecular and cellular mechanisms of PAH immunotoxicity.
Main Results:
- PAH exposure causes both cellular and humoral immunosuppression.
- PAHs exacerbate autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, lupus) by altering T cell balance and promoting type 2 immunity.
- PAHs can worsen allergic reactions and affect monocyte function, with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) playing a dual role.
Conclusions:
- PAHs pose a significant threat to immune system function and health.
- Mechanisms involve AhR, CYP-ROS axis, calcium signaling, and epigenetics.
- Further research is needed for prevention and treatment of environmentally induced diseases related to PAH exposure.
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